Emergency: Pyometra - Uterine Infection

One of the most concerning conditions that can arise in unneutered female animals is known as pyometra. Pyometra is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection of the uterus. It occurs when bacteria infiltrate the uterine lining, leading to inflammation and a dangerous accumulation of pus within the uterine cavity. This condition is most commonly observed in older, unneutered females, but younger animals can also develop pyometra, particularly if they have not been spayed.

Symptoms of Pyometra

Symptoms of pyometra can include lethargy, increased thirst, frequent urination, and, in some cases, a noticeable discharge from the vulva. If left untreated, pyometra can result in severe complications, including sepsis or even death. Therefore, pet owners must be vigilant and proactive in monitoring their pets' health. They should seek immediate veterinary attention if any signs of illness arise. Early detection and treatment are vital in managing this serious condition and ensuring the long-term health of the pet.

Can I Prevent a Pyometra?

Absolutely - by neutering, you can eliminate the risk of pyometra completely. Neutering also significantly reduces the risk of certain reproductive-related cancers. It is generally recommended to have female pets spayed at a young age to prevent these potential health issues.

How Does a Pyometra Occur?

When a female animal goes through reproductive cycles without getting pregnant, hormonal changes can lead to changes in the uterus. These changes create an environment that is favourable for bacterial growth, increasing the risk of infection. By removing the uterus, the bacteria cannot cause the infection, and thus there is no possibility of a pyometra occurring.

What Symptoms Should I Be Looking Out For?

The symptoms of pyometra can vary depending on whether it is 'open' or 'closed'.

• Open Pyometra: In this case, the cervix is open, allowing pus to drain from the uterus. Symptoms may include:

- Vaginal discharge that may be bloody or purulent

- Increased thirst

- Increased urination

- Lethargy

- Decreased appetite

- Vomiting

• Closed Pyometra: Here, the cervix is closed, trapping pus inside the uterus. This is a more severe form and can lead to rapid deterioration of the animal's condition. Symptoms may include:

- Abdominal pain

- Distended abdomen

- Fever

- Weakness

- Signs of systemic illness

I Think My Pet May Have a Pyometra - What Can I Do?

If you suspect that your unneutered female pet may have pyometra or is showing any signs of illness, it is crucial to seek veterinary care promptly. Pyometra is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that affects the uterus, leading to severe infections. The symptoms to watch for include excessive thirst, frequent urination, lethargy, vomiting, loss of appetite, and, in some cases, a discharge from the vulva that may be pus-like or bloody. If you notice any of these signs, do not delay in contacting your veterinarian.

Upon arrival at the veterinary clinic, the veterinarian will perform a thorough examination of your pet. This may include blood tests, urine analysis, and imaging studies such as X-rays or ultrasounds to confirm the diagnosis of pyometra. This condition is most commonly seen in older, unspayed females, particularly those who have had previous heat cycles, as hormonal changes can contribute to the development of this dangerous infection.

Treatment Options for Pyometra

The treatment for pyometra typically involves an emergency surgery to completely remove the infected uterus, a procedure known as spaying or ovariohysterectomy. This surgery is often urgent due to the risk of the infected uterus rupturing, which can lead to peritonitis and sepsis, both of which are life-threatening conditions. The surgical procedure involves anesthetizing your pet and carefully removing the uterus and ovaries. The veterinarian will then monitor your pet closely during recovery to ensure there are no complications.

In some cases, especially if the pyometra is diagnosed early and the pet is stable, the veterinarian may discuss the possibility of medical management as an alternative. However, this is less common and typically not the preferred method of treatment due to the high risk of recurrence and complications. Regardless of the treatment approach, additional supportive care such as intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and other medications may be necessary to stabilize your pet and help combat the infection.

Post-Operative Care

After surgery, it is essential to follow your veterinarian's instructions for post-operative care. This may include monitoring your pet for any signs of infection, ensuring she receives the prescribed medications, and restricting her activity to aid in healing. Regular follow-up appointments may also be necessary to ensure that your pet is recovering well and to address any concerns that may arise during her recovery. Remember, timely intervention is key to successfully treating pyometra and ensuring the health and well-being of your beloved pet.

Conclusion

Remember - prevention is better than cure. Consider neutering your pet, and please give our clinic a call at 0208 194 3335 if you have any questions at all!

Normal Uterus

Pyometra - Enlarge Uterus filled with Pus